Pipe Surge and Water Hammer Apparatus
Product Code : EL-FMLE-10675
QUICK ANSWER: The Pipe Surge and Water Hammer Apparatus is a freestanding unit used to demonstrate pipe surge (from slow deceleration of flow) and water hammer (from rapid deceleration of flow) in a pipe, to determine the velocity of sound through a fluid in an elastic pipe, and to compare theoretical and measured pressure profiles. It comprises two stainless steel test pipes (20.2 mm inside diameter, 3 m long) connected to a 45-litre PVC constant head tank with the necessary connections to a Hydraulics Bench: the first test pipe incorporates a transparent acrylic surge shaft (40 mm inside diameter, 800 mm high) with a graduated scale and a lever-operated valve, used to measure the low-speed water-level transients and the oscillatory characteristics of a surge, while the second incorporates a fast-acting, trigger-actuated valve that generates water hammer in a relatively short length of straight pipe, with electronic pressure sensors located adjacent to the valve and half way along the pipe measuring the high-speed pressure transients and the time delay between them, from which the speed of sound through the water (as attenuated by the elasticity of the pipe wall) can be determined. Both test pipes have an additional downstream valve to vary the flow before the respective valve is closed.
The Advanced designed equipment is freestanding and comprises two stainless steel test pipes connected to a constant head tank with the necessary connections to a Hydraulics Bench.
Pipe surge demonstrations are conducted using the first test pipe, which incorporates a transparent surge shaft and a lever operated valve at the discharge end. An additional valve downstream allows the flow through the test pipe to be varied before closing the lever operated valve, and a scale on the surge shaft allows the low speed transients in water level to be measured.
Water hammer demonstrations are conducted using the second test pipe, which incorporates a fast acting valve at the discharge end, and an additional valve downstream allows the flow through the test pipe to be varied before closing the fast acting valve. The unique fast acting valve allows water hammer to be generated in a relatively short length of straight pipe because of the extremely short closure time achieved using a trigger actuator. Tapping’s incorporating electronic pressure sensors are located in the test pipe adjacent to the fast acting valve and half way along the test pipe; these sensors measure the high-speed pressure transients inside the pipe as the water hammer travels backwards and forwards along the test pipe, and the time delay between the sensors can be used to determine the speed of sound through the water that is attenuated by the elasticity of the metal pipe wall.
FEATURES:
Demonstration of pipe surge resulting from slow deceleration of flow in a pipe
Determination of the velocity of sound through a fluid in an elastic pipe
Determination of the oscillatory characteristics of a surge
Shaft used to attenuate pipe surge
Measuring the pressure profile characteristics associated with water hammer associated with rapid deceleration of flow in a pipe
Comparison between theoretical and measured Pressure profiles associated with water hammer
SPECIFICATIONS:
Test pipes: Stainless steel, 20.2 mm inside diameter,
Test pipe length: 3 m long
Surge shaft clear acrylic, 40 mm inside diameter, 800 mm high
Head tank PVC, capacity 45 liters
DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT:
L x W x H: 3500 x 800 x 1600 mm
Weight: 120kg
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